Heredity
HEREDITY AND ITS VARIATION
BY: VIPASHA PATIL AND ALEYA M.MOKASHI
Heredity: The transfer of characters or traits from the parents to the off spring is called heredity.
Variations are the differences among individuals of the same species. They occur due to genetic recombination, mutations, and environmental factors.
Variation: The difference between the characters or traits among the individuals of the same species are called variation.
Heredity is the transfer of biological characters from the one generation to another via genes. Joham Gregor Mendel is the pioneer of the modern genetics. In 1901, the reasons the sudden changes were understood due to mutational theory of Hugo de Vries. Meanwhile in 1902 Walter and Sultan observed the paired chromosomes in the cells of grasshopper. Until Then it was not known to anyone.
1
Joham Gregor Mendel
Walter and Sultan
Through which 1944, trio of scientists Ostwald Avery, Mclyn McCarthy and Colin MacLeod proved that except viruses, all living organisms have DNA as genetic material. In 1961,the French geneticists Francois Jacob and Jack Manad proposed a model for process of protein synthesis with the help of DNA in bacterial cells. It helped to uncover the genetic codes hidden in DNA. Thereby, the technique of recombinant DNA technology emerged which had vast scope in the field of genetic engineering.
Effects of heredity
The science of heredity is useful for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of hereditary disorders, production of hybrid varieties of animals and plants and in industrial processes in which microbes are used.
Twins : Two embryos develop simultaneously in the same uterus and thus two off springs are delivered simultaneously. Such offspring are called as twins.
Heredity, the sum of all biological processes by which particular characteristics are transmitted from parents to their offspring .The concept of heredity encompasses two seemingly paradoxical observations about organisms: the constancy of a species from generation to generation and the variation among individuals within a species.
Constancy and variation are actually two sides of the same coin, as becomes clear in the study of genetics.
well written
ReplyDelete